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                <h2 id="http-192-168-4-5一、配置及ftp"><a href="#http-192-168-4-5一、配置及ftp" class="headerlink" title="http://192.168.4.5一、配置及ftp"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://192.168.4.5一、配置及ftp/">http://192.168.4.5一、配置及ftp</a></h2><p><img src="df63feb1d01719633a68196cf2b77925.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>一开始发现yum仓库配置错误，无法找到vsftpd包，然后重新搭建yum仓库，结果发现光盘挂载出现了问题，一直出现can‘t find /dev/mysio in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab，上网找了一下，可以用以下方法解决</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/fstab</span><br><span class="line">//末尾加上</span><br><span class="line">/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="9aa0dbefbc8f8de1e6a37dedfc75c06e.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="3c9514a2f30b5cd70950140d091509d8.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>这样就可以解决了 ，但是还是只能挂载到系统自带的/dev/cdrom 或者 /mnt/cdrom</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">修改配置文件后，检测yum重新搭建完成</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">![截图](8d97072c5760b8be1898f757640b1f04.png)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install -y vsftpd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>发现再次出错，显示找不到/dev/cdrom /repodata/repomd.xml文件</p>
<p><img src="8c3d8278b9a553c248b39fb6f61c310a.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>后面发现只有/mnt/cdrom有这个repomd.xml文件，于是只好重新挂载到/mnt/cdrom，</p>
<p>然后，输入下面命令，就安装成功了</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install -y vstdfd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="f540eed83dba9f0ca19beff584d179ee.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>配置好yum仓库和下载好vsftpd包后，接下来是关闭防火墙和SELinux服务</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># service iptables stop //清空规则</span><br><span class="line"># service iptables save //保存规则</span><br><span class="line"># chkconfig iptables off //禁止开机自启动</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux</span><br><span class="line">SELINUX=disabled  //编辑此字段，连permissive都不可以！！！</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="84ccc6c0c195d82aebd347c85492aab1.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="e2e317b1c7982759d74c0c174c10cf5e.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>关闭NetworkManager</p>
<p><img src="57291b422633de395659795043d6bb63.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>这样一台原型机配置好，快照，关机</p>
<br/>

<br/>

<p>网卡的命名会变成eth1，这时需要清空udev规则，，还需要手动修改文件中的Name属性重新启动</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&gt; /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules </span><br><span class="line">reboot</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="243ef8e69d657abbb7e5e033d65fd332.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>然后删除网卡配置文件里面的HADR行，还可以顺便改个ip</p>
<p><img src="67f915e9ca1a81bde06f5a9869ceda0b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>重新启动network服务</p>
<p><img src="269e61181e23cfa5fa22ef88db725dea.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="d6397d6bcc271962ab84899cbe006980.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>接着是修改网卡配置文件和主机名</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/sysconfig/network</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>修改如下</p>
<br/>

<p><img src="b95b240a7661d1f0dabc9b8f5c2d63ff.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="4492970092ebe9933bcd0b37ebc87c6e.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>客户机就这样了</p>
<p>同理服务器也如此处理</p>
<p><img src="a8f0f0057623d4247be95424c04661aa.png" alt="截图"></p>
<br/>

<p>1.先创建两个测试文件</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#mkdir /var/ftp/pub/</span><br><span class="line">#touch /var/ftp/pub/anon.txt</span><br><span class="line"># mkdir ~lisi/</span><br><span class="line">#touch ~lisi/lisi.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="fd8baafdc3165135700f57d79d2aa549.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>2.在服务器上开启vsftpd服务</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># service vsftpd restart</span><br><span class="line"># chkconfig vsftpd on</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="9fdb14aeac4a9266bafcfe0121f5553b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<br/>

<h3 id="从浏览器登入"><a href="#从浏览器登入" class="headerlink" title="从浏览器登入"></a>从浏览器登入</h3><p>浏览器地址栏可输入</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ftp://192.168.4.5  //匿名登录</span><br><span class="line">ftp：//username:passwd//@192.168.4.5 //用户登录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="ee81aa6a999c276cfffd30f6a7172e94.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>这时有可能会发现，无法到达，则可以通过修改/etc/vsftpd目录下的两个文件，user_list和ftpisers，将root权限注释掉,这两个文件分别对应于vsftpd.conf配置文件的名单选项，需要重启，</p>
<p>(其实这里意思应该是利用新的用户而非root去登录)</p>
<p><img src="57bdbd35f0342deecdfed824fac47727.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>匿名登录时的家目录是服务其中的/etc/vsftpd/pub/，可以通过修改配置vsftpd.conf</p>
<h3 id="使用ftp命令登录"><a href="#使用ftp命令登录" class="headerlink" title="使用ftp命令登录"></a>使用ftp命令登录</h3><p>（有可能要用yum仓库下载）</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum -y install ftp</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>匿名登录时，用户名为ftp，密码为空</p>
<p>修改配置和用户名单后也可以用root登录</p>
<p><img src="7d4161ee53963995ecbfaff57163b254.png" alt="截图"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ftp&gt;get [remote file] [local file] 下载 </span><br><span class="line">ftp&gt;put [local file] 上传</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="fa7b41685785f00b1f37e3cf5e2b83eb.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>可以看到在匿名情况下上传是被拒的，</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">而用root登陆后</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>就可以上传了</p>
<img src="eac280effcd375d2f34293b124859e15.png" alt="截图" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>上传后的文件被放到了root目录下</p>
<br/>

<h3 id="使用wget下载"><a href="#使用wget下载" class="headerlink" title="使用wget下载"></a>使用wget下载</h3><br/>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#wget ftp://192.168.4.5/pub/anon.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="1360471b7fe6f64f755e308e36b2fca7.png" alt="截图"></p>
<h2 id="二、httpd的使用"><a href="#二、httpd的使用" class="headerlink" title="二、httpd的使用"></a>二、httpd的使用</h2><p>桌面上已经有httpd的源码包了，tar命令放到/data</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># tar -xf httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz -C /data</span><br><span class="line"># cd /data/http-2.2.25</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<br/>

<p><img src="cde83f6c897adfd53d70672217558b65.png" alt="截图">通过README和INSTALL文件可知安装方法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd</span><br><span class="line">#make</span><br><span class="line">#make install</span><br><span class="line"># /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start //开启服务</span><br><span class="line">#firefox 127.0.0.1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="03ee96585b9ac935cbcb63bc239be4ac.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>打开网址啦</p>
<p>index.html放在/httpd-2.2.25/htdocs</p>
<p><img src="c2ed34530a09f28427b4e919544891b3.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>修改后</p>
<p><img src="90abe301516fbf413c40acb2b4fb2c2b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>接着当我们在服务器中启动httpd服务时，发现端口80被占用了</p>
<p><img src="acaf4c4f151dd4aa218d1e8167d143d0.png" alt="截图"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#netstat -lnp|grep 80 //找出占用80端口的进程</span><br><span class="line">#ps [pid]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="0f79ef60531144a7ba961e78c211ef6a.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>发现是旧的apache进程，那就kill掉（结果后面发现不知道一开始重复输了什么指令，httpd的进程数量有好几个，我还以为杀不掉这些进程，后面就一个个全部删掉了）</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># kill -9 51335</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="0857427ec07fd3e5c8fd05be9734d85b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="f829fb7e022047d408e83272573ddc0b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>重新启动httpd就成功了！！</p>
<p>接着在客户机上输入</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">http://192.168.4.5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="7024adb5b940ae0dfee2fb75d3539cf2.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>上图由于在网页的根目录下还没有文件，所以是apache的默认网页，然后因为一开始在httpd里面做过一个自己的网页，所以就cp过来/var/www/html/下啦，接着在客户机里面也能看见了</p>
<p><img src="5a62b08b46a856fcac0b6c132aa685f3.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>将muban1文件夹放到/var/www/html/，接着就可以在虚拟机中通过如下来访问</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">http://191.168.4.5/muban1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="a570114abe7c5187c5be99c64915c986.png" alt="截图"></p>
<br/>

<h3 id="接下来是改主机名和修改默认浏览的是index-php"><a href="#接下来是改主机名和修改默认浏览的是index-php" class="headerlink" title="接下来是改主机名和修改默认浏览的是index.php"></a>接下来是改主机名和修改默认浏览的是index.php</h3><p>在vim查找有一个技巧，可以在命令模式下 /+关键词，快速查找，并用n来找下一个</p>
<p><img src="bc87636f834eff5e14c078c7194fda1b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="f3a19e6af9777528a0d717822e024ac9.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>修改后就可以通过客户机去访问</p>
<p>接着是做网站根目录下的转移，将/var/www/html/*转移到/var/ftp，希望可以通过局域网去修改网站</p>
<p>那么就需要我们修改配置文件</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>并修改DocumentRoot和 <Directory>两部分的目录路径为转移后的地址</p>
<p><img src="e9a625e726961020e77a2216cf221cf6.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="5869e4dd5fd0a5d2eb095ff7a16f7147.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>修改后</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#service httpd reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>就可以重新在客户机里面看到网页了，并且也可以通过ftp来访问</p>
<p><img src="32c491253daf7748686cbd2b5671f904.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="08a56b37075012cd304bd949b0d37f82.png" alt="截图"></p>
<br/>

<br/>

<p>最后就是搭建虚拟主机</p>
<p><img src="cdb280a9c82f335879dd1d3101b43131.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>由于在上一步根目录已经迁移到ftp下了，所以就将两个模板放到那里去吧</p>
<p>然后是修改客户机上</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#vim /etc/hosts</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>后面加上地址和主机的映射</p>
<p><img src="9e48cdf961835abddbd047d5c24b9de0.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>最后是修改服务器上的配置</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="daf724145ba9383729ba8f47509a541b.png" alt="截图"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#service httpd restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后在客户机上就可以通过域名来访问了</p>
<p><img src="337686812b810ecf1d33928e36b8f794.png" alt="截图"></p>
<br/>

<p>最后一个问题就是，当我们重新用ip地址去访问时，仍然会是虚拟主机的页面</p>
<p>这时需要我们去</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>多添加一个虚拟站点，主机名为ip地址，并放在首位，这样当我们从客户机用ip访问，就会访问到我们设置的那个网站</p>
<p><img src="4b856aa9776d28822c37b8a50f536903.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p><img src="2b7fb8c3968d601c6c49e1ab1276fd08.png" alt="截图"></p>
<p>至此Linux大作业的所有题目已经完成</p>
<br/>

<p>感想：我觉得这次大作业是一个让人很上头的任务，一开始看见题目会觉得很难，无从下手，但其实自己静下心来就会找到思路。作业的过程中即使是跟着PPT、案例、或者是网上的步骤去模仿，也会发现很多“因人而异”的问题，    需要自己去实践一下，然后就是一种出现一种问题，解决一种问题；跟同学的沟通同样很重要，可以发现一些新的状况。</p>
<p>再来说说自己在Linux上的感想，我觉得linux的命令想要熟练使用还是需要更多的练习，毕竟作为一个软工人，需要对Linux这个工具有更多的理解，然后在这次作业里面也学到很多新的东西。了解到网络、FTP等知识，这些在以前一直是心中的一个谜，如今自己也能够窥伺一二了，仿佛打开了一项通向新世界的大门。也会对自己以后的发展有很大的帮助。</p>

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